Saturday, February 5, 2011
MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessor
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that executes instructions and carries out arithmetic and logical operation. so, it is known as the brain of the computer. it is formed on a single chip. a circuitry of microprocessor contains millions of tiny electronic components. The capability of a micro processor increases as the number of electronic components in the microprocessor increases. more electronic components deposited in a single chip means more number of instruction set in it. The instruction set of a micro processor contains all the command or instructions that it can understand and work on.
The first microprocessor 'Intel4004' which was developed by Mercian Ted Hoff of Intel Corporation in 1971AD contained 2300 transistors on it. the Intel 4004 could execute only a few instructions and manipulate only tiny amount of data at a time. the new Pentium microprocessor contains more than 3.3 millions transistors on it. the speed of a computer depends mainly upon its microprocessor.
A microprocessor is an integrated circuit that executes instructions and carries out arithmetic and logical operation. so, it is known as the brain of the computer. it is formed on a single chip. a circuitry of microprocessor contains millions of tiny electronic components. The capability of a micro processor increases as the number of electronic components in the microprocessor increases. more electronic components deposited in a single chip means more number of instruction set in it. The instruction set of a micro processor contains all the command or instructions that it can understand and work on.
The first microprocessor 'Intel4004' which was developed by Mercian Ted Hoff of Intel Corporation in 1971AD contained 2300 transistors on it. the Intel 4004 could execute only a few instructions and manipulate only tiny amount of data at a time. the new Pentium microprocessor contains more than 3.3 millions transistors on it. the speed of a computer depends mainly upon its microprocessor.
RAM
RAM
RAM is a semiconductor memory that stores data, instructions or programs temporarily. it is made up of several small storage areas called locations or cells. each cell has a unique number assigned to it and is called the address of the cell. The cell address or memory address is used to identify the cells. each cell can store one character or one byte of data. the cells(i.e. content) of RAM can be accessed at random order. so, it is called Random Accessed Memory.
It stores:
1. Data and instructions that are currently being used by the computer,
2. The processed Data and
3. Currently running programs.
These data, instructions or programs are erased from the RAM when the computer is turned off. Hence it is also called volatile or temporary memory. As it allows reading its contents and writing on it, it is also called Read/Write Memory. Higher RAM enables a computer to handle longer and complex programs, and enhances their ability to handle graphics and animation.
RAM is a semiconductor memory that stores data, instructions or programs temporarily. it is made up of several small storage areas called locations or cells. each cell has a unique number assigned to it and is called the address of the cell. The cell address or memory address is used to identify the cells. each cell can store one character or one byte of data. the cells(i.e. content) of RAM can be accessed at random order. so, it is called Random Accessed Memory.
It stores:
1. Data and instructions that are currently being used by the computer,
2. The processed Data and
3. Currently running programs.
These data, instructions or programs are erased from the RAM when the computer is turned off. Hence it is also called volatile or temporary memory. As it allows reading its contents and writing on it, it is also called Read/Write Memory. Higher RAM enables a computer to handle longer and complex programs, and enhances their ability to handle graphics and animation.
computer
computer is an electronic device,without curent passing the computer can't running.
it is a portable device,now a days it is become a special parts of human life.
there are some parts of comuter which help to run computer very efficiently.some are as follows;
There is a system of input processing&output.
Input means input the data to the computer system,which gives actual meaning.so it is factful.
Some input devices are as follows;
1. mouse
2. keyboard
3. microphone
4. pendrive
processing devices is(CPU).
THIS UNIT process the data very systematically.and ready to represent data as output
Some output devices are as follow;
• printer
• plotter
• monitor
• projector
this devices are used to present the result as a output.the result ought to be meaningful&factful
there are three types of memory of computer system;
1. Primary memory
2. Secondary memory
3. Cache memory
primary memory is two types;
1. Read only memory(ROM)
2. Random Access Memory(RAM)
There are three types of ROM;
1. PROM(programmeable read only memory)
2. EPROM(eraseable programmable read only memory)
3. EEPROM(electrically programmable read only memory)
MAGNETIC TAPE
Magnetic Tape
Magnetic tape is a secondary storage device that store a large volume of data,information or programs permanently on the magnet coated surface.it is available in the form of a large reel, a small cartridge and cassette.however packaged, is made up of plastic strip of which one surface is coated with magnetic materials(iron oxide).it is half inches wide and 50 to 2400 ft long.the tape is divided into vertical columns called frames and horizontal rows called tracks or channels.data are stored on the tape in the form of tiny invisible magnetized and non magnetized spots(representing 1's and 0's)on the magnetic coated surface in sequential tracks along the length of the tape.hence data,information or programs stores on a magnetic tape can be accessed in a sequential storage device.A magnetic tape drive is require to read or write data in a magnetic tape.A magnetic tape is inexpensive so it is specially used in minicomputer and mainframe computer where a large volume of data is needed to store.
Magnetic tape is a secondary storage device that store a large volume of data,information or programs permanently on the magnet coated surface.it is available in the form of a large reel, a small cartridge and cassette.however packaged, is made up of plastic strip of which one surface is coated with magnetic materials(iron oxide).it is half inches wide and 50 to 2400 ft long.the tape is divided into vertical columns called frames and horizontal rows called tracks or channels.data are stored on the tape in the form of tiny invisible magnetized and non magnetized spots(representing 1's and 0's)on the magnetic coated surface in sequential tracks along the length of the tape.hence data,information or programs stores on a magnetic tape can be accessed in a sequential storage device.A magnetic tape drive is require to read or write data in a magnetic tape.A magnetic tape is inexpensive so it is specially used in minicomputer and mainframe computer where a large volume of data is needed to store.
CPU
CPU
The central processing unit(CPU)is the brain of the computer system. Microprocessor and internal memory (RAM) of the computer is collectedly called the central processing unit. it is the part of computer system that interpret and executes program instructions. it work with operating system and execute a set of instructions and controls different peripheral devices by sending and receiving control signals. The CPU also control the flow of data by directing the data to entre the system, placing data in the memory, sending the data to ALU for the processing and directing the output of information. the three main component of CPU are:
1. The Memory Unit
2. Arithmetic and logic unit
3. Control unit
the memory unit or primary memory(RAM)is the part of the computer where instructions(program)and data to be used by the computer are stored temporarily.
Arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)is the part of CPU where all the processing tasks are actually performed.
The central processing unit(CPU)is the brain of the computer system. Microprocessor and internal memory (RAM) of the computer is collectedly called the central processing unit. it is the part of computer system that interpret and executes program instructions. it work with operating system and execute a set of instructions and controls different peripheral devices by sending and receiving control signals. The CPU also control the flow of data by directing the data to entre the system, placing data in the memory, sending the data to ALU for the processing and directing the output of information. the three main component of CPU are:
1. The Memory Unit
2. Arithmetic and logic unit
3. Control unit
the memory unit or primary memory(RAM)is the part of the computer where instructions(program)and data to be used by the computer are stored temporarily.
Arithmetic and logic unit(ALU)is the part of CPU where all the processing tasks are actually performed.
optical storage device
Optical Storage Device
Optical storage devices are devices that use laser light technology to retrieve and store data.
CD-ROM drives,CD-RW drives,Combo drives and DVD RW drives are the most popular optical storage devices.An optical disk is used in the optical storage drive.an optical disc is a circular disk made up of rigid plastic and is coated with a thin metal or other highly reflecting material.while writing data,high intensity laser beam is focused on the metal coated surface of the optical disk and it forms tiny holes(or pits)on the metal coated surface of the disk along its tracks.a pit represent a value of 1 and a flat spot or land represents a value of 0.while reading,low intensity laser beam is focused on the disk surface and the reflected laser is sensed by photodiode.the intensity of reflected laser beam from the pits is weak and is high from the flat spots.these high and low patterns of the reflected laser beam are sense by photodiode and are converted into electronic signals. the most commonly used optical disks are CD-ROM,CD-RW andDVD-ROM.
Optical storage devices are devices that use laser light technology to retrieve and store data.
CD-ROM drives,CD-RW drives,Combo drives and DVD RW drives are the most popular optical storage devices.An optical disk is used in the optical storage drive.an optical disc is a circular disk made up of rigid plastic and is coated with a thin metal or other highly reflecting material.while writing data,high intensity laser beam is focused on the metal coated surface of the optical disk and it forms tiny holes(or pits)on the metal coated surface of the disk along its tracks.a pit represent a value of 1 and a flat spot or land represents a value of 0.while reading,low intensity laser beam is focused on the disk surface and the reflected laser is sensed by photodiode.the intensity of reflected laser beam from the pits is weak and is high from the flat spots.these high and low patterns of the reflected laser beam are sense by photodiode and are converted into electronic signals. the most commonly used optical disks are CD-ROM,CD-RW andDVD-ROM.
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